Alternation of generation refers to the specific type of life cycle and includes two distinct phases. The activities and lesson plans are designed for elementary school, middle school, and may be adapted for high school students. We believe that the algaeinabottle experiment offers an effective means for improving science literacy and for introducing scientific research to diverse learners from middle school to college. The haploid and diploid life form look very different, they are heteromorph. Salt concentrations of 3%, 6%, 25%, 50% sea water were tested in apbs 20. Choose a colour set that matches your algae sample closest and pick it. The nutrient levels, salinity, water temperature, light, and number and type of fish in the aquarium must be closely monitored every day.
Algae are organisms, or living things, that are found all over the world. Alternation of generations in plants and algae springerlink. This way, there is alternation of two haploid generations gametophyte with one diploid sporophyte generation. The project measures the growth rate of algae supplied with supplemental carbon dioxide. In a multiweek experiment, student groups gather data from the photobioreactors that they build to investigate growth conditions that make algae thrive best. This is a simplest and most primitive type of lifecycle. Meiosis and the alternation of generations ucd plant. Asexual reproduction occurs in unicellular and multicellular organisms. Chrysophytes chrysophytes can only survive in an environment that is low in calcium, which is theyre really common to be found in freshwater hope this helps.
Some species of red algae have a complex triphasic alternation of generations. The origin of alternation of generations in land plants. Using plastic soda bottles, pond water and fish tank aerators, they vary the amount of carbon dioxide or nutrients or sunlight, as an extension available to the microalgae. Diploid sporophytic generation alternating with haploid gametophytic generation. Steps to photosynthesis for middle school science sciencing. However, there is no regular and fixed alternation of generation, as found in higher palnts. Such lifecycle is known as haplobiontic type of lifecycle. Alternation of generations is a type of life cycle found in terrestrial plants and some algae in which subsequent generations of individuals. These days algae are a polyphyletic group of organism, carrying out oxygenic. Or, algae may show up as the poisonous red tides that bloom near. Brown algae show an alternation of generations similar to that found in the from bio 106 at nassau community college. Algal bloom experiment page 1 suggested curriculum links grade 8 water systems on earths surface.
Though the process can be explained in very simple terms, it is a complex process at the molecular level. Primary school science resources about natures hidden energy store biomara the sustainable fuels from marine biomass project is a research project that aims to demonstrate whether biofuels can be produced from marine biomass algae. Student learning outcome upon successful completion of this experiment, students will be able to write the equation of. Alternation of generations also known as metagenesis is the type of life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae in the archaeplastida and the. The algaeinabottle experiment provides an engaging and flexible highimpact teaching tool for helping students to know, understand, and apply a number of concepts related to the biology and ecology of aquatic plants and their environments. Identify, examine, and compare the benefits and disadvantages of growing algae in photobioreactors and raceway ponds. Kelp are an example of a brown alga with a heteromorphic alternation of generations. There has been a tendency toward dominance of the diploid phase of the life cycle in the land plant lineage, and recent analyses suggest a similar trend in the brown algae. The haploid phase is gametophyte while the diploid phase is sporophyte. The specific events that accompany habs vary depending upon the species of algae involved. Students will explore how to grow poplar for bioenergy, measure carbon storage, compare different biofuels to fossil fuels, and measure their carbon footprints. The activities range in time from 30 to 50 minutes.
The types of algae that shows a distinct alternation of generations is. However, the process can be effectively and accurately taught to middle school students, as long as several major components of the process are included. Researchers have revealed how microalgae produce hydrogen, a clean fuel of the future, and suggest a possible mechanism to jumpstart mass. Through this lesson, plantsand specifically algaeare presented as an energy solution. In most red algae, many green algae, and a few brown algae, the phases are isomorphic and freeliving. Topics for high school science experiments the topics for high school science fair projects mainly cover the basic disciplines of science, viz, physics, chemistry and biology. In these groups, a multicellular haploid gametophyte with n chromosomes alternates with a multicellular diploid sporophyte with 2n chromosomes, made up of n pairs. An overview presentation is suitable for 10th grade. For example, a singlecelled alga floating near the surface of a lake can divide asexually to. Brown algae show an alternation of generations similar to. Different kinds of algae will need different colour samples. The details involved with reproduction styles, and information about traits of each phyla are given. Photosynthesis is a science topic that is included in many middle school texts.
All brown algae are multicellular and all go through an alternation of generation. These experiments are much advanced than middle school and they are performed with immense precision and skills. In bluegreen algae and certain chlorophyceae which reproduced asexually, there is n alternation generation. Some of the unifying characteristics of this division include similar photosynthetic pigments that make up the chloroplast, which include chlorophylls a and b, and a, b, and gcarotenes. Algae fuels, feed and more algae biomass organization. Algae singular alga encompass several different groups of living organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, converting inorganic substances into simple sugars using the captured. Students learn that breaking apart algal cell walls enables access to oil, starch, and cell wall sugars.
Students determine the effects of oil, detergent, copper crystals sulfate and lawn fertilizer have on the growth of algae. Students will compile possible questions hypotheses about. However, algae are actually neither plants nor animals. How to setup a halimeda aquarium heather spalding, gk12 program setting up a saltwater aquarium for tropical fish requires a lot of time, energy and resources. The first two phases are haploid and the last phase is diploid one. An overview presentation for 10th grade lesson planet. How to describe the alternation of generations in algae.
The daily bucket green tide, an excess of algae this. These activities use next generation science standards. Research and list the characteristics that affect algae growth. Middle schoolers participate in an experiment in which they try to stop algae from growing. Useful notes on the alternation of generations in algae. Algae have been in use as human food for centuries in various parts of the world, including scotland, ireland, norway, sweden, france, germany, north and south america, china, and japan. Harmful algal blooms habs are a phenomenon in which particular harmful species of algae reproduce in prodigious quantities and upset the ecological balance in aquatic habitats. Algae are very important because they make much of earths oxygen, which humans and other animals need to breathe.
With help of this pigment brown algae can also utilize yellow and green light for assimilation. Students are introduced to biofuels, biological engineers, algae and how they grow photosynthesis, and what parts of algae can be used for biofuel biomass from oils, starches, cell wall sugars. Aimed to meet requirements of undergraduate students of botany. It may be long strands of seaweed, sometimes used for fertilizer or food, that sway with the ocean tide. Alternation of generations article about alternation of. The goal is to have the student conduct a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis about. Concepts of botany algae pdf 21p this note contains explanation of algae, structure of alage and its classification. Which of the following types of algae shows a distinct. This pdf file is licensed for distribution in the form of electronic reprints and by way of. In some cases, algae grow at unusually rapid rates and overgrow other species, alter habitats, or deplete oxygen even though the algae produce oxygen while they are alive, large amounts of decaying algae can consume enough oxygen to cause a net depletion. Summary life histories of photosynthetic eukaryotes traditionally. Its the slimy green carpet that blankets the top of ponds or neglected swimming pools.
Attack of the killer algae super teacher worksheets. Many small algae reproduce asexually by ordinary cell division or by. Alternation of generations also known as metagenesis is the type of life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae in the archaeplastida and the heterokontophyta that have distinct haploid sexual and diploid asexual stages. The main characteristics and definitive features of red, green, brown, and 4 other algea are listed along with great photos and examples. Green algae make up the division chlorophyta, which includes about 7,500 species of eukayotic, unicellular organisms. How to setup a halimeda aquarium university of hawaii. Which of the following phrases characterizes alternation. Alternation of generations occurs in almost all marine algae. The environment algae live in and the environmental factors that influence them most. Disclaimer and safety precautions provides the science fair project ideas for informational purposes only. In foraminifers, for example, the alternating generations consist of sexual and asexual individualsgamonts and. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. Algae fuel science fair projects and experiments view experiment find out whether microalgae can produce biooil which can be turned into biodiesel view experiment algae as fuel of the future faces great expectations and obstacles view experiment college experiments, labs, studies and articles.
During cell division, two new valves form in the middle of the cell and partition the. A primary alternation of generations, which characterizes many protozoans, is the alternation of a sexual generation with a generation reproducing by asexual cells agametes. For this science lesson plan, students examine what green algae is and where it grows. Photosynthetic organisms are found in most of the branches of the eukaryotic tree of life, and these organisms have diverse life cycles. This is a global problem, but has been observed in long island waterways. Some of them will require more than one class period. The vegetative algae that is seen in marine habitats is the haploid i.
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